Event Case Study Major Sport

The Open Championship
Royal Portrush 2025

Golf’s oldest major returned to the Antrim coast in July 2025, drawing roughly 250,000 spectators across the week to a championship links course in a town with a resident population of around 6,500. NetworkUX surveyed the venue on Saturday 19 July, the third championship round. Mobile signal was plentiful across the course — three of the four UK networks ran widespread 5G NSA. Mobile service was a different story.

Four moments from The Open Championship 2025 at Royal Portrush: a temporary cell tower behind The Open Arms hospitality tent, the 18th green and grandstand with The Open branding, the leaderboard with spectators on the slope and the sea in the background, and packed picnic benches at the hospitality area.
Venue
Royal Portrush GC, Co. Antrim
Town population
~6,500
Event attendance
~250,000 across the week
Survey day
Sat 19 Jul 2025 (Round 3)
Networks surveyed
Vodafone · EE · VMO2 · Three
The headline

Signal isn’t service.

Every network that surveyed had a temporary cell tower in the venue, and three of the four (Vodafone, EE, VMO2) ran widespread 5G NSA across the course. Look only at the signal maps and you’d conclude the networks performed well. Look at the throughput tests and a different picture emerges — only Vodafone delivered usable mobile data at scale, and Three failed almost completely despite 4G signal nearly everywhere.

Vodafone
Signal present
96.3% 5G NSA dominant
Average DL / UL
4.69 3.38 Mbps
Failed connections
28.3% of tests 42.3% usable
EE
Signal present
98.0% 5G NSA dominant
Average DL / UL
1.18 0.81 Mbps
Failed connections
70.3% of tests 4.0% usable
VMO2
Signal present
99.0% 5G NSA dominant
Average DL / UL
1.31 1.27 Mbps
Failed connections
68.2% of tests 9.3% usable
Three
Signal present
99.1% 4G only
Average DL / UL
0.01 0.00 Mbps
Failed connections
99.9% of tests 0.0% usable
Signal vs Service

The gap between “reachable” and “usable”.

For each operator, the top bar shows the percentage of measurements that registered any mobile signal (5G NSA, 4G or 2G). The bottom bar shows the percentage of throughput tests that delivered usable data, defined as 5 Mbps or better. The gap between the two is the story.

Vodafone
Signal present
96.3%
Usable data (5+ Mbps)
42.3%
EE
Signal present
98.0%
Usable data (5+ Mbps)
4.0%
VMO2
Signal present
99.0%
Usable data (5+ Mbps)
9.3%
Three
Signal present
99.1%
Usable data (5+ Mbps)
0.0%

Three’s gap is the most extreme — 99.1% signal present, 0% usable data. EE and VMO2 sit close behind. Vodafone is the only operator where signal coverage and usable throughput are even partially in agreement.

Average speeds (Mbps)

Even the “best” was slow. Three was off the charts low.

Average download and upload speed per operator during the survey round. Vodafone delivered roughly four times the throughput of EE and VMO2 — and roughly four hundred times that of Three.

Average download speed
Average download speed per operator at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.69 Vodafone 1.18 EE 1.31 VMO2 0.01 Three Speed (Mbps)
Average upload speed
Average upload speed per operator at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.38 Vodafone 0.81 EE 1.27 VMO2 0.00 Three Speed (Mbps)

Even Vodafone’s 4.7 Mbps download average is below what users typically expect from 5G NSA in an uncongested area — but it’s a different universe to Three’s 0.01 Mbps. Uploads collapsed on every network, with Vodafone again the only one staying above 3 Mbps.

Connection quality, distribution

One network functioning, three networks largely failing.

Each row shows the percentage of throughput tests per operator falling into each quality band. Vodafone is the only operator that delivered more than 10% of its tests at 5+ Mbps.

Vodafone
28% 29% 42%
3,091 pts
EE
70% 26%
1,254 pts
VMO2
68% 23% 9%
2,023 pts
Three
100%
819 pts
Signal vs Performance, by operator

Same survey routes. Same crowd. Different stories.

Each row below shows two maps for the same operator at the same time: the signal map (which technology and how strong) on the left, and the performance map (how much data actually moved) on the right. A green signal map paired with a red performance map is the visual signature of capacity-limited service.

Vodafone

Slowed but still serving.
Vodafone signal and performance maps at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025: signal map on the left showing 5G NSA and 4G coverage; performance map on the right showing throughput-test results.
What the maps say: The only network with a usable experience at scale. 5G NSA signal across 81% of the venue, with 4G filling most of the rest — 96% total signal coverage of any technology. Even so, 28% of performance tests failed or timed out, but 42% still delivered 5+ Mbps, the only network to do so meaningfully.

EE

5G everywhere, throughput nowhere.
EE signal and performance maps at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025: signal map on the left showing 5G NSA and 4G coverage; performance map on the right showing throughput-test results.
What the maps say: EE registered 5G NSA signal on 96% of measurements — the most ubiquitous 5G coverage of the four. Yet only 4% of throughput tests reached 5 Mbps. 56% of throughput tests timed out completely. The signal was there; the capacity wasn’t.

VMO2

Strong signal, soft service.
VMO2 signal and performance maps at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025: signal map on the left showing 5G NSA and 4G coverage; performance map on the right showing throughput-test results.
What the maps say: Virgin Media O2 mirrored EE — strong 5G NSA presence across 99% of the survey, but throughput tests collapsed under load. 50% timed out outright; 91% never reached 5 Mbps. Capacity, not coverage, was the constraint.

Three

Signal present. Service absent.
Three signal and performance maps at Royal Portrush during The Open Championship 2025: signal map on the left showing 5G NSA and 4G coverage; performance map on the right showing throughput-test results.
What the maps say: Three was the clearest “signal isn’t service” case. 99% of measurements had 4G signal — but 98% of throughput tests timed out completely. The average download speed across 819 tests was 0.01 Mbps. The cells were reachable; they just had nothing to give.
What this means

Four takeaways for event organisers and venues.

01

Coverage maps don’t predict event experience

Operator-published coverage maps and signal-strength readings showed three of four UK networks running 5G NSA across Royal Portrush. The actual throughput tests revealed that on those same networks, only Vodafone delivered usable data to a meaningful share of users. Pre-event coverage maps are necessary, not sufficient.

02

Network choice is decisive

At The Open, a spectator on Vodafone had a measurably different mobile experience from one on Three — not slightly better, an order of magnitude better. For venues, sponsors, ticketing partners and broadcast crews, the “which SIM are you on” question is the difference between functional and broken.

03

Temporary cell deployments don’t guarantee performance

All four operators were visibly present with temporary infrastructure at the venue (a tower visible behind the hospitality tents is in the hero image above). Three still failed almost completely. Presence of infrastructure is one thing; commissioned capacity that actually carries traffic is another.

04

Measure throughput, not just signal

If you want to know how a venue will perform, the signal-strength survey is the easy half of the job. The hard half — throughput tests, time-of-day sampling, per-operator capacity behaviour — is the half that predicts what actually happens when the crowd arrives. NetworkUX runs both at the same time, on the same routes.

Major event coming up?

Get the data before the crowd arrives.

NetworkUX provides before, during and after mobile performance monitoring for events of any scale — from a single venue to a town-wide festival to a championship-week takeover at a links course on the Antrim coast.